Blending the Cubist-collage technique of Picasso and the emotive powers of Vasily Kandinsky and the German Expressionists, this abstract portrait reflects the loss of a close friend, a German officer who died during the early months of World War I.įollowing the International Exhibition of Modern Art, known as the Armory Show, which opened in New York in February 1913, Stieglitz found his unique role and 291’s pioneering stance as a storm center for modernism challenged. Hartley, for example, lived in Germany for a time, where he painted Portrait of a German Officer ( 49.70.42). Additionally, many American artists found it a rite of passage to travel abroad. Saint Paul’s, Manhattan ( 49.70.110) by master watercolorist John Marin echoes these sentiments by depicting the frenetic urban experience with animated vigor. Responding to the avant-garde art of Europe and stimulating developments in skyscraper construction, industry, machines, transatlantic travel, and widespread urbanization in New York, these American artists produced energized and powerful pictures reflective of a new and exciting modern world. The Metropolitan’s Standing Female Nude ( 49.70.34) by Picasso was shown in the artist’s American debut exhibition and purchased by Stieglitz, one of two drawings that sold.įrom 1907 to 1913, Stieglitz’s rigorous exhibition program at 291 continued to introduce the work of other European moderns while simultaneously cultivating an advanced circle of young American artists, which included Arthur Dove, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, Alfred Maurer, Steichen, Abraham Walkowitz, Weber, and the Mexican de Zayas. With the aide of advisors Steichen, Marius de Zayas, and Max Weber, who had connections with artists and galleries in France, 291 became the first venue in America to show Auguste Rodin and Henri Matisse (in 1908), Paul Cézanne (in 1910), and Pablo Picasso (in 1911). Commonly called “291,” the small gallery was originally an outlet for exhibiting work by Photo-Secessionist photographers, but subsequently it became a preeminent center for the exhibition of modern European and American artists. Steichen, opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession in Steichen’s former studio at 291 Fifth Avenue. In 1905, Stieglitz, in association with the photographer and painter Edward J. Recognized as a pioneer in the advancement of Pictorial photography in America and abroad, Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946), photographer, publisher, gallerist, and impresario, also made unparalleled contributions to the introduction of modern art in America and gave unequivocal support to young American modernist painters.
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